Subscription margin: first order vs renewal

Most subscribe-and-save offers price the first order lower than every renewal and put a welcome gift in the first box. So the first order earns little or loses money, and a subscriber is worth more than a one-time buyer only after enough renewals. This prices both orders and follows a subscriber through the renewals they are likely to stay for.

Result

The first order earns $3.79 and each renewal $11.68. Over 12 orders a subscriber is expected to earn $58.90, against $15.36 from a one-time buyer, and passes it at order 3.

First order

Revenue $32.00 to gross margin $3.79 (11.8%)
Revenue
$32.00
cogs
−$16.00
pick_pack
−$1.18
extra_pick
−$0.20
packaging
−$0.50
shipping
−$7.50
processing_fixed
−$0.30
refunds
−$1.60
processing
−$0.93
Gross margin
$3.79

1 declared kinds cost nothing on this option

Renewal

Revenue $36.00 to gross margin $11.68 (32.4%)
Revenue
$36.00
cogs
−$12.00
pick_pack
−$1.18
packaging
−$0.50
shipping
−$7.50
processing_fixed
−$0.30
refunds
−$1.80
processing
−$1.04
Gross margin
$11.68

2 declared kinds cost nothing on this option

Margin per order: first order at $32.00, renewal at $36.00
Per orderFirst orderRenewalOne-time
Revenue$32.00$36.00$40.00
Product costs−$16.00−$12.00−$12.00
Pick and pack−$1.18−$1.18−$1.18
Extra picks−$0.20$0.00$0.00
Box and packing−$0.50−$0.50−$0.50
Shipping label−$7.50−$7.50−$7.50
Card fee per order−$0.30−$0.30−$0.30
Refund reserve−$1.60−$1.80−$2.00
Card processing−$0.93−$1.04−$1.16
Margin$3.79$11.68$15.36
Margin %11.8%32.4%38.4%
Expected profit per subscriber, order by order
OrderSubscribers still activeProfit so far
1100.0%$3.79
285.0%$13.72
372.2%$22.16
461.4%$29.33
552.2%$35.43
644.4%$40.61
737.7%$45.01
832.1%$48.76
927.2%$51.94
1023.2%$54.65
1119.7%$56.95
1216.7%$58.90
Expected orders per subscriber
5.72
Order where profit turns positive
1
Order where it passes a one-time buyer
3

Your numbers

The subscription

Of subscribers who received an order, the share who receive the next.

Fulfilment and payment

The share of revenue you expect to refund.

How it's calculated

  • First order: charge = list price × (1 − first-order discount); its costs include the welcome gift and its pick
  • Renewal: charge = list price × (1 − renewal discount); only the lines that recur ship again
  • Subscribers still active at order k = retention^(k − 1)
  • Expected profit per subscriber after n orders = first-order margin + Σ renewal margin × retention^(k − 1), for k = 2 … n

Every figure on this page comes from the margin engine in Offer Suite's own code (packages/engine), the function that prices offers in the product. Money is computed in whole cents and rounded once per line.

Worked example

A $40.00 bag of coffee on subscription: 20% off the first order ($32.00) with a mug in the box, then 10% off every renewal ($36.00). The first order keeps $3.79 after the bag, the mug, the extra pick, shipping and fees. Each renewal keeps $11.68. A one-time buyer at full price keeps $15.36.

If 85% of subscribers take each next order, a subscriber receives 5.72 orders on average over the first 12, and earns $58.90 in that time. They pass the one-time buyer at order 3. The welcome discount and the mug are paid back by the renewals; if retention is lower, it takes longer, which is why the table follows every order.

Assumptions

  • Retention is the same at every renewal. Real subscriptions lose more subscribers after the first and second orders; a lower retention is the cautious reading.
  • The one-time buyer pays the list price with no gift and never orders again. If one-time buyers come back, compare against their repeat rate instead.
  • Profit is counted when each order ships, with no discounting for time.
  • Pick and pack $1.18 per order and $0.20 for each extra item are the defaults of the engine's DTC-US profile, a typical third-party warehouse contract. Use your own contract.
  • The shipping label ($7.50) is an assumption for a domestic ground parcel of about a pound. Your carrier account or shipping app has your rate.
  • Card processing of 2.9% + $0.30 is a common online card rate. Shopify's rate depends on your plan and the card, and your admin shows yours.
  • The refund reserve (5%) is a share of revenue set aside for refunds. Cost is not reduced by a refund, because the goods were already picked and shipped.

Questions

Why is the first subscription order less profitable than a renewal?

It usually carries a bigger discount and one-time costs: a welcome gift, an insert, a sample. A renewal is priced at the ongoing subscribe-and-save discount and ships only the products that recur.

How many renewals does a subscriber need to beat a one-time buyer?

Add up the first-order margin and each renewal's margin weighted by the share of subscribers still active, and see when that total passes the one-time margin. The calculator reports the order where it does, if it does within the orders you follow.

What retention should I use?

Your own, from your subscription app: of subscribers who received an order, how many received the next. If you only know churn per month on a monthly plan, retention is one minus that churn.

Does this include customer acquisition cost?

No. It is the margin the orders themselves earn. Put your cost to acquire a subscriber against the expected profit per subscriber to see payback.